PHP新手上路(十一)

  数据库链接

  10. PHP最大的特色就是操作数据库的能力特别的强大,PHP提供对多种数据库的支持。

  通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。在这一节里我们主要以在互联网上跟PHP一起使用得最多的MySQL数据库为例,介绍一下相关的MySQL数据库的操作函数以及数据库的基本操作等方面的知识。

  在MySQL数据库中,我们用来连接数据库的函数有两个,它们分别为:

  integer mysql_connect(string host,string user,string password);

  integer mysql_pconnect(string host,string user,string password);

  mysql_connect函数和mysql_pconnect函数都是对指定主机上MySQL数据库的连接,如果该数据库位于一个不同的端口,则可以在主机名后加上冒号和端口号。函数的参数也可以缺省不填,如果不填参数,默认的主机名是“localhost”,用户名为数据库管理员,默认值为“root”,密码为空。与数据库连接成功之后,这两个函数都可以返回一个连接号,如果连接失败,则返回一个false值。让我们来看看下面几句语句:

  <?

  $db=mysql_connect("localhost","user","password");

  mysql_select_db("mydb",$db);

  ?>

  注释:

  $db=mysql_connect("localhost","user","password"); 我们将mysql的链接参数,包括主机名、用户名和密码作为mysql_connect()的参数,同时得到返回值为$db,这样,在下面的语句中,我们就可以将变量$db作为一个连接mysql数据库的连接号来使用。

  mysql_select_db("mydb",$db); 将PHP程序链接到mydb数据库中,这样程序与数据库的链接就完成了。

  10.1 一个简易的数据库留言簿

  在完成数据库的链接之后,我们就可以对数据库进行一系列的操作。下面是一个简易的数据库留言簿程序(guestbook.php3):

  我假设你机子上的MySQL数据库以及管理MYSQL数据库的工具 Phpmyadmin_2. 0.5都已经安装完成,并且可以正常工作。

  我们要做的第一件事情是创建一个留言数据库,假定名字为: mydb。

  1、启动浏览器,打开Phpmyadmin_2. 0.5 的管理WEB界面。

  2、在“Create new database”文本框内输入数据库名称mydb,然后按create按键。

  下一步,我们要在该留言数据库下创建一个数据表,假定名字为: guestbook。

  创建该数据表的命令如下所示:

  CREATE TABLE guestbook (ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name CHAR(250), email CHAR(250), job CHAR(250), comments BLOB, PRIMARY KEY(ID));

  最后,将下面的留言簿程序挎贝到你机子的可写目录下面,并保存成guestbook.php3文件。就这么简单,你已经有了自己的留言簿了。

  10.2 留言簿程序(guestbook.php3):

  <?php

  /* $host : your MySQL-host, usually 'localhost' */

  /* $user : your MYSQL-username */

  /* $password : your MySQL-password */

  /* $database : your MySQL-database */

  /* $table : your MySQL-table */

  /* $page_title : the title of your guestbook-pages */

  /* $admin_mail : email-address of the administrator to send the new entries to */

  /* $admin_name : the name of the administrator */

  /* $html_mail : say yes if your mail-agent can handle HTML-mail, else say no */

  $host = "localhost";

  $user = "";

  $password = "";

  $database = "mydb";

  $table = "guestbook";

  $page_title = "pert guestbook";

  $admin_mail = "[email protected]";

  $admin_name = "Webmaster";

  $html_mail = "no";

  ?>

  <HTML>

  <HEAD>

  <TITLE><?php echo $page_title; ?></TITLE>

  </HEAD>

  <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" LINK="#000000">

  <FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="-2">

  <?

  /* connect to the database */

  mysql_pconnect("$host","$user","$password") or die("Can't connect to the SQL-server");

  mysql_select_db("$database");

  /* action=view : retrieve data from the database and show it to the user */

  if($action == "view") {

  /* function for showing the data */

  function search_it($name) {

  /* some vars */

  global $offset,$total,$lpp,$dir;

  global $table,$html_mail,$admin_name,$admin_mail;

  /* select the data to get out of the database */

  $query = "SELECT name, email, job, comments FROM $table";

  $result = mysql_query($query);

  $total= mysql_numrows($result);

  print "<CENTER><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="-2"><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=add" onMouseOver="window.status='Add your name';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Add your name">加入留言</A></FONT></CENTER><br><br>";

  if ($total== 0) {

  print "<CENTER>此刻没人留言</CENTER><br><br>"; }

  elseif ($total> 0) {

  /* default */

  $counter=0;

  if ($dir=="") $dir="Next";

  $lpp=5;

  if ($offset==0) $offset=0;

  if ($dir=="Next") {

  if ($total > $lpp) {

  $counter=$offset;

  $offset+=$lpp;

  $num=$offset;

  if ($num > $total) {

  $num=$total; } }

  else {

  $num=$total; } }

  elseif ($dir=="Previous") {

  if ($total > $lpp) {

  $offset-=$lpp;

  if ($offset < 0) {

  $offset=0; }

  $counter=$offset-$lpp;

  if ($counter < 0)

  $counter=0;

  $num=$counter+$lpp; }

  else {

  $num=$total; } }

  while ($counter < $num) {

  $j=0;

  $j=$counter + 1;

  /* now really grab the data */

  $i1=mysql_result($result,$counter,"name");

  $i2=mysql_result($result,$counter,"email");

  $i3=mysql_result($result,$counter,"job");

  $i4=mysql_result($result,$counter,"comments");

  $i4 = stripslashes ("$i4");

  /* print it in a nice layout */

  print "<CENTER>n";

  print "<TABLE WIDTH=400 BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=TOP><TR><TD><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="-2">n";

  print "<HR>n";

  print "<BR><B>Name:</B> $i1n";

  print "<BR><B>email:</B><A HREF="mailto:$i2" onMouseOver="window.status='Email $i2';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Email $i2">$i2</A>n";

  print "<BR><B>Job:</B> $i3n";

  print "<BR><B>Comment:</B>n";

  print "<BR>$i4n";

  print "</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>n";

  print "</CENTER>n";

  $counter++;

  }

  }

  mysql_close();

  }

  /* execute the function */

  search_it($name);

  /* See if we need to put on the NEXT or PREVIOUS buttons */

  if ($total > $lpp) {

  echo("<form action="$PHP_SCRIPT" method="POST">n");

  /* See if we need a PREVIOUS button */

  if ($offset > $lpp) {

  echo("<input type="submit" value="Previous" name=dir>n"); }

  /* See if we need a NEXT button */

  if ($offset < $total) {

  echo("<input type="submit" value="Next" name=dir>n"); }

  echo("<input type=hidden name="offset" value="$offset">n");

  echo("<input type=hidden name="name" value="$name">n");

  echo("</form>");

  }

  }

  /* action=add : show a form where the user can enter data to add to the database */

  elseif($action == "add") { ?>

  <TABLE WIDTH="460" ALIGN="CENTER" VALIGN="TOP">

  <TH COLSPAN="2"><P>请您填写留言</TH>

  <FORM NAME="guestbook" ACTION="guestbook.php3?action=send" METHOD="POST">

  <TR>

  <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">

  您的大名:</TD>

  <TD><INPUT TYPE=text NAME=name></TD>

  </TR>

  <TR>

  <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">

  您的E-mail:</TD>

  <TD>

  <INPUT TYPE=text NAME=email></TD>

  </TR>

  <TR>

  <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">

  您的工作:</TD>

  <TD>

  <INPUT TYPE=text NAME=job></TD>

  </TR>

  <TR>

  <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP">

  您的留言:</TD>

  <TD>

  <TEXTAREA NAME=comments COLS=40 ROWS=6></TEXTAREA>

  <P>

  <INPUT TYPE=submit VALUE=Submit> <INPUT TYPE=Reset VALUE=Reset>

  <A ALIGN="RIGHT" HREF="guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver="window.status='Read all comments first';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Read all comments first"><FONT SIZE="-2">先观看所有的留言</FONT></A>

  </TD>

  </TR>

  </FORM>

  </TABLE>

  </CENTER>

  <?

  }

  /* action=send : add the data from the user into the database */

  elseif($action == "send") {

  /* check if a HTML-mail should be send or a plain/text mail */

  if($html_mail == "yes") {

  mail("$admin_name <$admin_mail>","PHP3 Guestbook Addition","<HTML><BODY><FONT FACE="Century Gothic"><TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING="4"><TR>$name ($email) schreef het volgende bericht in het gastenboek :</TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">$comments</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"> </TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP> </TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的留言:</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>$name</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的大名:</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>$email</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的email:</TD><TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP>$job</TD></TR><TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">您的工作:</TD></TR></TABLE></BODY></FONT></HTML>", "From: $name <$email>nReply-To: $name <$email>nContent-type: text/htmlnX-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion());

  }

  /* MySQL really hates it when you try to put things with ' or " characters into a database, so strip these...*/

  $comments = addslashes ("$comments");

  $query = "INSERT INTO guestbook VALUES('','$name', '$email', '$job', '$comments')";

  $result = MYSQL_QUERY($query);

  ?>

  <BR><P ALIGN = CENTER>感谢, <?php echo $name; ?>, 您的留言.

  <BR><P ALIGN = CENTER><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver="window.status='View your comment now';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="View your comment now">观看留言</A><BR><BR>

  <?

  }

  /* if there's no action given, then we must show the main page */

  else {

  /* get the number of entries written into the guestbook*/

  $query = "SELECT name from guestbook";

  $result = MYSQL_QUERY($query);

  $number = MYSQL_NUMROWS($result);

  if ($number == "") {

  $entry = "还没有人留过言"; }

  elseif ($number == "1") {

  $entry = "目前留言人数1人"; }

  else {

  $entry = "目前留言人数 $number 人"; }

  echo "<CENTER><BR>";

  echo "<P>$entry<BR>";

  echo "<H4><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="3"><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=add" onMouseOver="window.status='请您留言';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="Add your name to our guestbook">请您留言</A></FONT></H4>";

  if ($number > "") {

  echo "<H4><FONT FACE="Verdana" SIZE="3"><A HREF="guestbook.php3?action=view" onMouseOver="window.status='观看留言';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="View the names in our guestbook">观看留言</A></FONT></H4>"; }

  echo "</P></CENTER>";

  }

  ?>

  <BR><SMALL><CENTER>版权所有:<A HREF="http://personal.668.cc/haitang/index.htm" onMouseOver="window.status='pert';return true" onMouseOut="window.status='';return true" TITLE="pert">无边天际</A></CENTER></SMALL>

  </FONT>

  </BODY>

  </HTML>